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July 2015 - Our Moon's Occasional Red Beauty

Report #5 - June 2015

The Sun's Evil Twin

 

An artist's interpretation of a Tyrannosaurus rex. 

An artist's interpretation of a Spinosaurus.

What is to blame for the Earth's mass extinctions? What threw massive celestial bodies hurling towards our Earth 65 million years ago that killed all dinosaurs into non-existing creatures whose bones are now left buried under layers of Earth? How about a star? Another star that revolves around our sun every 26 million years and disrupts the gravitational balance of celestial bodies around the sun and in the Oort Cloud? 

An artist's interpretation of an asteroid hitting Earth. 

An artist's interpretation of a meteor shower.

The Nemesis Hypothesis

In 1984, Daniel Whitemire, Albert Jackson, Richard Muller, Piet Hut, and Davis M. devised a theory explaining the mostly regular intervals between mass extinctions on Earth. Every 26 million years, the Earth suffers massive extinction rates in which "whole species and ecosystems disappear." It is widely accepted among scientists in the scientific community that these extinctions are caused by asteroid and comet impacts on the Earth. However, these selective group of scientists went further beyond in their thinking, creating question of a twin of our sun to explain the almost regular extinction-related events. 

Meet Nemesis, Our Sun's Evil Twin Brother

These scientists theorized the existence of another star, about 1-3 light-years away, orbiting our sun every 26 million years. When this evil brown/red dwarf nears the sun due to an irregular elliptical orbit, a sudden imbalance of gravity occurs, creating a wave of disturbance in the Oort Cloud. Within this cloud that surrounds the edges of our solar system, icy comets and other celestial bodies make themselves at home along with millions of other neighbors just like them. With this disturbance in gravity, this cosmic debris is hurled towards the inner planets. Upon impact, thousands to millions of species on Earth are irradicated to extinction, just like the all-familiar species of dinosaurs. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

An artist's interpretation of Nemesis' Orbit around the sun.

An artist's interpretation of Nemesis. 

Nemesis, named after a Greek goddess of divine retribution, is also known as the "Death Star" due to the belief that the star is the main cause of death among a variety of different species on Earth. One common question one would ask is: There's an evil twin out there of our sun? Well, where is it? How come we can't see it? Nemesis is not believed to be a very bright or large star. In fact, Nemesis is believed to be much smaller and dimmer than our sun. Some scientists believe the star could be a brown or black dwarf (a planet-like body who size is not suffient enough to "burn hydrogen" like a regular star to glow, making the star's appearence that of a dark sphere of gas and very difficult to find, and, in some cases, almost invisible. For all we know, Nemesis could have already been discovered and is inconspicuously listed under one of the cataloges for dim stars. Its great parallax, the motion of a star against the background of other distant stars, may have been otherlooked. However, even if scientists discovered Nemesis, few would think the star had any involvement in the Earth's periodic mass extinctions.  

If you're interested...

Enjoy this video that summarizes the Nemesis theory in under six minutes!

Nemesis In a Nutshell

"The Sun's 'Death Star' Companion" Youtube Video

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